For decades, African nations have carried the inherited weight of fragmented borders, externally shaped governance models, and a development narrative written largely outside the continent. Yet the idea of Pan-African sovereignty has never disappeared; it resurfaced in political speeches, civil society networks, cross-border markets, and in the stubborn memory of pre-colonial trade routes that once linked communities without passports or checkpoints. The arrival of digital go

South Africa’s hosting of the G20 Summit in Johannesburg on November 22–23, 2025, marked not only a historic moment for the African continent but also a defining test of Pretoria’s diplomatic maturity, strategic resilience, and political credibility at a time of mounting global crises and internal pressures. For the first time since the G20’s formation in 1999, the Summit was held in Africa, symbolically affirming a shift in global discourse towards inclusive development and

China and Kenya’s relationship, rooted in decades of evolving diplomatic, economic, and cultural cooperation, has reached a new...